Contemporary Technology
i.
CRM – Customer Relationship Management
ii.
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
iii.
PaaS – Platform as a Service
iv.
SaaS – Software as a Service
v.
AI – Artificial Intelligence
vi.
IoT – Internet of Things
vii.
GPS – Global Positioning System
viii.
HMD – Head-Mounted Display
ix.
VR – Virtual Reality
Write technical terms of the following:
a. Cloud-hosted software
applications accessed via a browser (e.g., Google Workspace, Microsoft 365).
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
b. The branch of computer science
and engineering of creating intelligent machines, and brilliant computer
programs.
Artificial
Intelligence (AI)
c. Al's ability to understand and
process human languages.
Natural Language
Processing (NLP)
d. A wearable device is used to
immerse the user in a virtual environment.
Head-Mounted
Display (HMD)
A device that collects data from the
environment (e.g., temperature, motion).
Sensor
f Software designed specifically to
run on mobile devices.
Mobile
Application (Mobile App)
Very Short
Answer Questions
a.
Who is the father of Artificial Intelligence?
John
McCarthy is the father of Artificial Intelligence
b.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
The
simulation of human intelligence in machines to make them think and act like
humans.
c.
What is cloud computing?
Cloud
computing is delivery of computing services such as storage, software, and processing
over the internet.
d.
What are the three basic service models of cloud computing?
The
three basic service models of cloud computing are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
e.
Define VR.
Virtual
Reality is a computer-generated simulation of a 3D environment that immerses
the user.
f.
What is mobile computing?
The
ability to use computing devices while being mobile and connected through
wireless networks is mobile computing.
Short Answer
Questions
a.
What are the advantages of cloud computing?
·
Cost-effective
(no need to buy expensive hardware/software)
·
Scalability
and flexibility
·
Easy
accessibility from anywhere with internet
·
Automatic
updates and maintenance
·
Data
backup and disaster recovery
b.
What are some areas where AI can help us and how?
·
Healthcare
(diagnosis, drug discovery, robotic surgery)
·
Education
(personalized learning, grading automation)
·
Transportation
(self-driving cars, traffic management)
·
Business
(chatbots, data analysis, fraud detection)
·
Agriculture
(crop monitoring, smart irrigation)
c.
What are the advantages of virtual reality?
·
Provides
immersive learning and training experiences
·
Useful
in medical simulations and military training
·
Enhances
entertainment (gaming, movies)
·
Helps
in architectural design and real estate visualization
·
Enables
virtual tourism and remote collaboration
d.
Define E-Governance. Write its advantages.
E-Governance
is defined as use of information and communication technology (ICT) in
government services to make them efficient, transparent, and accessible.
Advantages of E-Governance
·
Increases
transparency and accountability
·
Saves
time and reduces corruption
·
Provides
easy access to public services
·
Improves
efficiency in administration
·
Strengthens
citizen–government interaction
e.
What is IoT? Write any two importance of it.
IoT
(Internet of Things) is a network of interconnected devices that can collect
and exchange data.
Importance
of IoT are:
1.
Improves efficiency and automation in daily tasks.
2.
Provides real-time monitoring and decision-making support.
f.
Give some examples of IoT devices and their applications.
·
Smartwatch
– tracks health and fitness
·
Smart
home devices (Alexa, Google Home) – control appliances via voice
·
Smart
refrigerators – track food items and expiry
·
Security
cameras – remote surveillance
·
Smart
irrigation systems – manage water in agriculture
g.
Provide some examples of E-Governance services that exist in Nepal.
·
Online
bill payment (electricity, water, telecom)
·
Online
PAN/VAT registration and tax payment
·
Nagarik
App for digital services
·
Online
passport application and renewal
·
Driving
license application and renewal services
h.
How do you think IoT devices can help in our day-to-day life?
·
Smart
home devices can reduce energy use and enhance convenience
·
Health
monitoring devices track fitness and prevent illness
·
Connected
vehicles improve road safety and navigation
·
Smart
agriculture devices improve food production
·
IoT-enabled
security systems keep homes and offices safer
Contemporary Technology refers to the latest innovation and technology that has become a part of our daily life. These technologies have great influence over a life of human. Services like E-mail, E-Commerce, Chats, Video Conferencing, Live streaming are some of the common contemporary technology that we encounter on daily basis.
Cloud computing
Cloud generally refers to huge
collection of storage which are done through server farms. The trend of using a
network of remote servers/data center hosted on the internet to store, manage,
and process data, rather than in our local server or a personal computer is
called cloud computing. Google Drive, one drive, iCloud are an example of
cloud storage.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
1. Large
volume of data can be stored conveniently.
2. It
helps in data backup and recovery.
3. Cloud
computing services are used to host live-streaming.
4. High
speed of data transfer.
Mobile Computing
The use of handheld devices such
as mobile phone and tablets to transfer data, voice and video over a network is
called mobile computing. These technology allows people to access data and
information from whenever and wherever they are.
Advantages of Mobile Computing.
1. They
are highly portable and be used from anywhere around.
2. Mobiles
and other handheld devices can be connected in a network to exchange data and
information
E-Governance
The set of services
provided by the government to their public through electronics means specially
internet is called E-Governance.
Advantages of E-Governance
1. It
increase public participation.
2. It
increase transparency in governmental activities.
3. It
reduces corruptions.
4. Helps
to make paperless government.
5. Easy
and fast delivery of governmental services.
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is
an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method
of making computers think like human beings. In short, It is process of
integrating human behavior in machine.
Machine learning, Robotics, cyber
security, health care etc are the application areas of AI.
Advantages of AI:
1. It
handles data and information better than human.
2. It
introduces new methods to solve problems.
3. It
can be used in decision making.
4. It
can be to interpret data and draw conclusion.
Virtual Reality
It is an artificial
environment created by using the computers and technology to give user a
realistic experience. In short it is a simulated environment created using
computerized technology. It creates an illusion of the real world. VR are used
in film industry, gaming, aviation industry etc.
Advantages of VR:
1. It
can create realistic environment and experience.
2. Simulation
of complex problem. eg, Pilot learns their first flying experience in simulated
environment.
3. It
make gaming much more realistic and engaging.
Internet of Things (IOT)
IoT are the electronic technology
in which devices can communicate with user and its environment in real time.
These devices can share data and information between user and its server
allowing user to experience the combination of physical world with
digital.
In general IoT is the network of
real world “Things” (devices) made with sensors, software and other various
technology that can communicate with user and devices through internet.
Modern days devices like smart
watch can track our fitness level, voice assistant in our mobile phones like
Siri and Alexa, smart car like Tesla built with autonomous riding capability,
home security system that allows to monitor suspicious activities and more.
Advantages of IoT
1. It
increases efficiency and productivity of work.
2. It
helps to automate our daily life work.
3. It
can be used as entertainment enhancing user experience.
4. It
helps to communicate and exchange data and information in real time.
Model Questions
1. What are the advantages of cloud computing?
The advantages of cloud computing include cost savings, scalability, flexibility, accessibility, and automatic updates.
2 What are the types of cloud computing services?
3. List some areas where Al can help us and how?
AI can help in areas such as healthcare diagnosis, autonomous vehicles, fraud detection in finance, personalized recommendations in marketing, and natural language processing for improved communication.
4 How is Al software different from other software?
AI software is distinct as it can learn and adapt from data, making it capable of performing tasks without explicit programming, unlike traditional software.
5. How can public get benefited from the e-governance services? Provide some example of e-governance services that exist in Nepal?
7. What is loT? Write any two importance of it.
8. Give some examples of loT devices and their applications?
Examples of IoT devices include smart thermostats for home automation and health monitoring wearables for applications in healthcare.
9. How do you think, loT devices can help in our day to day life?
IoT devices can improve day-to-day life by providing smart home automation, healthcare monitoring, and efficient energy management.
10. What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is a technology that allows users to access and use computing resources (such as servers, storage, and applications) over the internet.
11. List any five characteristics of cloud computing.
Characteristics of cloud computing include on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.
12. List any three disadvantages of cloud computing.
Disadvantages of cloud computing include security concerns, dependency on internet connectivity, and potential for limited customization.
13. Explain the three types of cloud computing.
14. What is Artificial Intelligence?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks requiring human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and perception.
15. What is Virtual Reality?
Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way.
16. What is E-governance? What are the benefits of E-governance?
E-governance involves the use of information and communication technology to improve government efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement; benefits include increased accessibility, efficiency, and reduced corruption.
17. Explain the different types of e-Government services.
Different types of e-Government services include G2C (Government-to-Citizen), G2B (Government-to-Business), G2G (Government-to-Government), and G2E (Government-to-Employee) services.
18. What is mobile computing?
Mobile computing is the use of mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) to access and share information wirelessly.
19. State the important advantages of mobile computing