Chapter 6: Web technology

 What is the Internet?

·         The Internet is a worldwide network of computers.

·         It allows computers to share information with each other.

·         Uses TCP/IP protocol for communication.

 

How Internet Works ?

·         Your device sends a request (example: Google search).

·         The request goes through the internet.

·         The server sends back the webpage you asked for.

 

Important Internet Terms

a) WWW (World Wide Web)

A collection of web pages connected through links.

 

b) Web Browser

Software used to view web pages.

Examples: Chrome, Firefox, Edge.

 

c) Web Server

A computer that stores websites and sends them when users request.

 

d) URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

The address of a webpage.

Example:https://www.google.com

 

e) Domain Name

Human-friendly name of a website.

Example: facebook.com

 

f) IP Address

Numeric address of a computer.

Example: 192.168.1.1

 

 

 2. Client-Side and Server-Side Scripting

 

What is Scripting?

Writing small programs that run inside web pages.

 

 

a) Client-Side Scripting

Runs inside the browser.

 

Examples:

 JavaScript

 HTML

 CSS

 

Uses:

·         Checking forms (email, password)

·         Creating animations

·         Changing colors, images, text

 

Note:It does NOT communicate with the database.

 

b) Server-Side Scripting

Runs on web server (not in the user's browser).

 

Examples:

 PHP

 Python Django

 ASP.NET

 

Uses:

·         Storing data in database

·         Checking login

·         Creating user accounts

·         Generating web pages dynamically

 

Note:It can talk to databases.

Difference between Client-Side and Server-Side Scripting

Client-Side Scripting

Server-Side Scripting

Client side scripting is used at the

 front end which users can  see from the  browser

Server side scripting is used at the backend where the source code is not viewable or hidden at the client side browser

Its main function is to provide the requested output to end user.

Its primary function is to manipulate and  provides access to the respective database as per the request

It runs on the user’s computer .

It runs on the webserver

Client side scripting does not need any server interaction

When a server side script is processed it communicates to the server

It usually depends on the browser and its version.

In this any server side technology can be used and it does not depend on the  client

It is useful in minimizing the load on the  server

It is useful in customizing the web pages and implementing dynamic changes in the website.

It is not secured compared to the server side as a client side script is visible to the users

It is more secure than client side scripting as scripts are usually hidden from the client end.

The client side scripting langauges involves languages such as html css and javascript

Server side language involves programming such as PHP, ASP.NET, Python, C#, JSP etc.

 

Frontend

The frontend is the part of a website or app that users can see and interact with. It includes things like colors, buttons, images, and text. For example, when you click a menu on a website, you are using the frontend.

 

Backend

The backend is the hidden part of a website or app that works behind the scenes. It stores data, processes information, and makes sure everything functions correctly. For example, when you log in to your email, the backend checks if your password is correct.

 

DNS (Domain Name System)

DNS is like the phonebook of the internet that matches website names to their IP addresses. When you type a website name, DNS helps your computer find the correct server. For example, DNS turns google.com into numbers so your browser can load the site.

 

Web Browser

A web browser is a program used to access and view websites. It displays text, images, videos, and links from the internet. Examples of browsers include Google Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla Firefox.

 

Search Engine

A search engine helps you find information on the internet. You type in keywords, and it shows you a list of websites related to those words. Google is the most popular search engine, but others like Bing and Yahoo also exist.

 

Website

A website is a collection of related web pages stored under one domain name. It can contain information, images, videos, and links. For example, [www.wikipedia.org](http://www.wikipedia.org) is a website with many pages of information.

 

Web Page

A web page is a single page within a website. It can show text, pictures, forms, or videos. For example, the “Contact Us” page on your school website is one web page.

 

Home Page

The home page is the first or main page of a website. It often contains an introduction and links to other pages. For example, when you open facebook.com, the first page you see is the home page.

 

Upload / Download

Upload means sending a file from your device to the internet or a server. For example, when you post a photo on Facebook, you are uploading it.

Download means saving a file from the internet to your device. For example, when you save a PDF from a website, you are downloading it.

 

Content Management System (CMS)

A CMS is a tool that helps people create and manage websites easily without needing to code. It provides templates and editing tools for adding text, images, and pages. WordPress and Wix are common CMS platforms that many people use to build websites.

 

 

Book's Exercises Page number-370


 1. Multiple Choice Questions

 

 1. Which is called a network of networks?

a. Outernet

b. LAN

c. Internet

d. MAN

 

 2. Internet originated from an experimental network called…

 

a. Intranet

b. Extranet

c. Arpanet

d. Internal net

 

3. WWW stands for

a. Word Wide Web

b. World Well Web

c. World Wide Web

d. World Wide Wisdom

 

 4. Which are formal set of standards and technologies?

a. World standards

b. Web standards

c. Website standards

d. Server standards

 

 5. Which protocol is used to transfer HTML documents in WWW?

a. HTTP

b. TCP/IP

c. FTP

d. POP

 

 6. Which protocol is used in sending e-mail?

a. HTTP

b. TCP/IP

c. SMTP

d. POP

 

 7. Which is Web browser software?

a. Altavista

b. Yahoo

c. Google

d. MS Edge

8. Which of the following is an example of search engine?

a. Mozilla

b. Opera

c. Google

d. MS Edge

 

 Short Answer Questions

 

 a) Explain WWW in detail.

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of web pages stored on web servers and accessed through the Internet. It uses HTTP protocol to transfer information and allows users to view text, images, audio, and video through web browsers. The WWW is built using hyperlinks that connect different web pages globally, forming a web-like structure.

 

b) What is the purpose of a web server? Give any two examples of web server applications.

A web server is software that stores, processes, and delivers web pages to users on request.

Purpose:

·         To host websites and manage web requests.

·         To handle HTTP/HTTPS communication.

Examples:

 Apache HTTP Server

 Microsoft IIS

 

c) What is DNS and URL?

 DNS (Domain Name System): Converts domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses.

 URL (Uniform Resource Locator): The address used to access a web page on the Internet.

 

d) What is a Web Browser? Name any four web browsers.

A web browser is software used to access and view web pages on the Internet.

Examples: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, MS Edge

 

e) What is a search engine? Explain with examples.

A search engine is a program that helps users find information on the Internet by searching keywords.

Examples: Google, Bing, Yahoo

 

f) Define web page, home page, and website.

 Web page: A single document on the web.

 Home page: The main page of a website.

 Website: A collection of related web pages under one domain.

 

g) How does a search engine let you search for information on the Web?

A search engine uses web crawlers to collect information, stores it in a database, and when a user searches, it displays results by matching keywords with the indexed data.

 

h) What is uploading and downloading?

 

 Uploading: Sending data from a local device to the Internet.

 Downloading: Receiving data from the Internet to a local device.

 

 i) List the basic rules of netiquette.

·         Be respectful and polite.

·         Do not use offensive language.

·         Do not spread fake information.

·         Protect personal privacy.

·         Avoid spamming.

 

j) What is Content Management System (CMS)? Explain with features.

A Content Management System (CMS) is software used to create, manage, and modify digital content without needing technical knowledge.

 

Features:

·         Easy content editing

·         User management

·         Templates and themes

·         Plugins/extensions

·         Media management

 

 

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