Chapter 1 - Introduction to Computer System (Part 3- Motherboard and Data Bus)

 

Multiple Choice Questions:

a……… is also called as brain of a computer.

i. Motherboard     ii. CPU                        iii. RAM           iv. Monitor

b. Which is an output device?

i. Microphone              ii. Scanner        iii. Plotter         iv. QR Code Scanner

с. The new integrates the function of a processor, memory, and video on a single chip.

i. Chip processor          ii. System on a chip     iii. Power processor     iv. Microprocessor

d……… is a memory between CPU and main memory.

i. RAM             ii. Cache                      iii.ROM                        iv. Secondary 

e……………… is the speed of the hard disk is measured. 

i. Mgh              ii. khz              iii. rpm        iv. rcm

f. A …………………is used to read handwritten or printed text to make a digital image that is stored in memory.

i. Touchpad     ii.Laser beam               iii. Printer                     iv. Scanner

g.Which hardware device is used to store data for a long period? g.

i. Secondary storage                 ii. Data input    Iii. CPU            iv. RAM chip

h. The box that contains the central electronic components of the computer is the……

i. Input device              ii. Peripheral                iii. System unit             iv. Motherboard

 

Give Appropriate Technical Terms

a.The tools that allow us to interact with a computer by sending information to it. – Input Devices
b.An input-pointing device that helps you control and interact with a computer. – Mouse

с. An input device that lets you type letters, numbers, and symbols. – Keyboard

d. A device that captures sound and turns it into electrical signals. .– Microphone

e. A device that copies physical documents, photos, or drawings and turns the into digital files on a computer. – Scanner

f. A display that lets you interact with a device by touching the screen with you fingers or a stylus.

– Touchscreen

g The small, fast storage areas inside the CPU that temporarily hold data and instructions. – Registers

h.The main circuit board inside a computer connects all the different parts. – Motherboard

 i.A system of wires inside a computer that carries data between different parts – Bus

j. The smallest unit of data. – Bit

k. A small, super-fast type of memory that stores frequently used data and instructions to help the computer run faster. – Cache Memory

l. The hardware components used to store, retrieve, and manage data – Storage Devices

m.The storage devices that store data use lasers to read and write information. – Optical Drives

n.A small, portable flash storage device used to store and transfer data. – USB Flash Drive

o.A way to store your files, like documents, photos, and videos, on the internet . – Cloud Storage

p.The hardware that allows the computer to communicate information to the user or other devices.

 – Output Devices

q. The physical connectors on a computer or device that allow you to plug in different hardware. – Ports

г. The most frequently used HD signal for transferring both high-definition audio and video over a single cable. – HDMI

s.A connector used to transmit audio signals between devices – Audio Jack

 

Short Answer Questions

a,b and c-Part 2 or part 4

 

d. Mention the functions performed by ALU.
Answer: The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs all arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT, comparisons) within the CPU.

e. Define cache memory.
Answer: Cache memory is a small, high-speed memory located inside or close to the CPU, used to store frequently accessed data and instructions to speed up processing.

f. What is CPU? How does it work?
Answer: The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the main processing unit of a computer. It performs instructions from programs using three main parts:

Control Unit – Directs operations.

ALU – Executes computations.

Registers – Store data temporarily.
It fetches, decodes, and executes instructions in a cycle.

g. What is computer memory? Write its major classification.
Answer: Computer memory is the storage space used to store data and instructions.
Classifications:

·         Primary Memory – RAM, ROM, Cache

·         Secondary Memory – HDD, SSD, CD/DVD

·         Tertiary/Backup Storage – External drives, cloud

·         Volatile and Non-Volatile memory

h. Why is secondary memory used for future storage? Explain its types.
Answer: Secondary memory stores data permanently and is non-volatile.
Types include:

·         Magnetic storage (HDDs)

·         Optical storage (CDs, DVDs)

·         Solid-State Drives (SSDs)

·         Flash drives

i. How does a computer mouse work? Who developed it?
Answer: A mouse detects movement on a surface and translates it into cursor movement. It uses optical or laser sensors.
It was invented by Douglas Engelbart in the 1960s.

j. Define data bus and motherboard.
Answer: Data Bus: Path that transfers data between CPU, memory, and peripherals.

Motherboard: Main circuit board connecting all components of a computer.

k. What is cloud storage?
Answer: Cloud storage is an online storage service that allows users to store and access files over the Internet.

l. Differentiate between:

i. RAM vs ROM

Feature	RAM (Random Access Memory)	ROM (Read-Only Memory)
Volatility	Volatile (data lost when power off)	Non-volatile (data retained after power off)
Function	Temporarily stores data for active processes	Stores firmware or BIOS
Read/Write Capability	Read and write	Mostly read-only (can be rewritten in special types)
Speed	Faster	Slower compared to RAM
Usage	Running applications, system processes	Booting system, storing permanent instructions

 

ii. Input Unit vs Output Unit

(Part 2 )

iii. Primary vs Secondary Memory

Feature	Primary Memory	Secondary Memory
Definition	Primary memory, also known as main memory, refers to the computer's internal memory that is directly accessible by the CPU. It temporarily stores data and instructions currently being used.	Secondary memory, also known as external or auxiliary memory, refers to non-volatile storage used to store data and programs permanently.
Access Speed	Faster	Slower
Volatility	Volatile (mostly)	Non-volatile
Function	Stores data currently in use by CPU	Stores data and files permanently
Examples	RAM, Cache memory	HDD, SSD, USB drives, Optical disks

 

iv. HDD vs SSD

Feature	HDD (Hard Disk Drive)	SSD (Solid State Drive)
Definition	HDD (Hard Disk Drive) is a non-volatile storage device that uses magnetic disks to store and retrieve digital data.	SSD (Solid State Drive) is a high-speed storage device that uses flash memory to store data with no moving parts.
Speed	Slower read/write speeds	Much faster read/write speeds
Noise	Can be noisy	Silent operation
Power Consumption	Higher	Lower

 

 

Long Answer Questions

a,b, c in part 2 or part 4

 

d. Compare the modern display technologies such as LCD and LED screens.

Feature	LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)	LED (Light Emitting Diode)
Definition	LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a flat-panel display technology that uses liquid crystals and a backlight to produce images.	LED (Light Emitting Diode)is a display technology that uses LEDs for backlighting in screens, offering better brightness and energy efficiency than traditional LCDs.
Backlighting	Uses CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) backlight	Uses LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) for backlighting
Brightness	Lower brightness	Brighter display
Picture Quality	Good, but lower compared to LED	Superior picture quality

 

e. Define the role of processing devices in a computer system. How does a CP function as the "brain" of the computer?

Answer:
Processing devices interpret and execute instructions.
The CPU:

·         Fetches instructions from memory

·         Decodes them

·         Executes using ALU

·         Controls other components via the control unit
It is called the “brain” as it handles all operations.

f. What are storage devices, and how are they classified?

Answer:

Primary Storage- Fast, temporary storage directly accessed by the CPU

examples:RAM, Cache Memory        

Secondary Storage-Long-term storage used for saving data and programs.

examples:HDD, SSD, USB Drive, CD/DVD    

Tertiary Storage - Used for large archives, slow access.                

examples:Tape Drives, Optical Jukeboxes 

Cloud Storage-Internet-based remote storage accessed via network.

examples:Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox
g. What is a motherboard, and why is it considered the backbone of a computer?
Answer:The motherboard is the main circuit board connecting CPU, memory, and peripherals.
It is the backbone because:

·         All components communicate through it

·         It distributes power

·         Enables input/output device integration

·         Houses essential buses and chipsets