ch 2: Ethical and Social Issues in ICT

1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) ICT has shrunk the world into a global village.

(b) Cyber law refers to the law regarding the internet and cyberspace.

(c) Copyright is a legal way to protect a creator's work.

(d) Cyberbullying is a kind of harassment using electronic devices such as mobiles and computers.

(e) Electronic transaction is transfer of electronic data.

(f) Digital citizenship can be defined as the responsible behavior while using technology.

 

2. State whether the following statements are true or false:

(a) Society is dependent on ICT for almost every aspect of life. True

(b) Hackers are one of the dangerous challenges of the ICT security. True

(c) Virtual identity of internet user is not a problem in the ICT environment. False

(d) Digital divide is a challenge of ICT. True

(e) You should not use a computer ot steal information. True

(f) You should use a computer ot harm other people. False

(g) Digital footprint is a mark of data you create while using the internet. True

 

3. Write the full forms for the following:

(a) ICT = Information Communication Technology

(b) OCC= Office of Certificate Control

(c) EDI = Electronic Data Interchange

(d) ISTE=Internation Society for Technology in Education

(e) CA= Certificate Agencies

 

4. Write the technical terms for the following:

(a) Technology that converted world into global village ICT

(b) Law that controlls illegal activities in cyber space Cyber Law

(c) Transaction which is done by using ICT devices Electronic Transaction

(d) Reflection of individual behavior while using technology Digital Footprint

(e) False idenity used by criminals in cyber space Virtual Idenity

5. Write short notes on:

(a) Cyber Crimes and Cyber laws in Nepal

 Cyber crimes in Nepal involve illegal activities done using the internet, like hacking, identity theft, online fraud, and spreading harmful content. To protect people from these crimes, Nepal has cyber laws under the Electronic Transactions Act, 2063 (2008), which outline rules and penalties for online offenses. These laws help ensure that the internet is used safely and responsibly, holding those who misuse it accountable.

(b) Digital Citizenship

Digital citizenship refers to the responsible and ethical use of technology and the internet. It means understanding how to behave safely, respectfully, and responsibly online, protecting personal information, avoiding cyberbullying, and respecting others' privacy. Being a good digital citizen involves knowing the rights and responsibilities of using digital tools and ensuring that your online actions positively contribute to the digital community.

 6. Answer the following questions in short:

(a) What do you by virtual identity?

In online virtual communities, such as online chat rooms or in online games, a virtual identity is one created by the human user that acts as an interface between the physical person and virtual person other users see on their computer screen.

(b) What is Cyber bullying?

Cyber bullying is a kind of harassment using electronic devices such as mobile and computers

(c) What is digital law?

Digital law is the electronic responsibility for actions, deeds which is either ethical or unethical.

(d) Mention any one law includes in cyber law of Nepal.

Electronic and Digital Signature Law

(e) What is digital citizenship?

Digital citizenship can be defined as the norms or appropriate, responsible behaviour with regard to technology use.

7. Answer the following questions:

(a) List some benefits and challanges of ICT.

Benefits of ICT:

(1) Global village:

(2) Cost Effective

(3) Bridging the cultural gap

(4) Creation of new job

(5) Educational Opportunities

Challenges of ICT:

(1) Virtual Identity

(2) Security

(3) Privacy Issues

(4) Copyright

(5) Cyber Bullying

(6) Social Behaviour

(7) Digital Divide:

(b) What do you mean by copyright?

Copyright is a legal right, existing in many countries, that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine whether, and under hat conditions, this original work may be used by others.

(c) What do you mean by digital divide?

Gap between rich and poor in terms of information technology is called digital divide.

(d) What do you mean by compute ethics?

computer ethic is defined as " to follow the rules and regulation of computer technology and not to harm other computer users knowingly or unknowingly."

(e) Write any five provisions of computer ethics.

Five provisions in computer ethics are: (i) You should not use a computer to harm other people. (ii) You should not search the file or record of other people. (iii) You should not destroy, steal and use the computer password of other people. (iv) You should not steal, destroy and use digital signatures. (v) You should not destroy, erase or edit personal or group records

(f) What do you mean by cyber law?

Cyber law refers to the laws regarding the Internet and cyberspace. Cyber law includes a wide variety of legal issues related to the use of communications technology. It includes the use of Internet as well as any other form of computer or Digital Processing Devices.

(g) What are the major components of cyber law?

The major components included in the cyber law are: (i) Electronic and Digital Signature Law (ii) Computer Crime/Cyber Crime Law (iii)Intellectual Property laws (iv) Data Protection and Privacy Laws (v) Telecommunication Laws

(h) Write the major five goals of IT policy 2072 of Nepal.

Five goals of IT policy 2072 of Nepal are: (i) By 2020, entire population of Nepal would have access to the Internet. (ii) 80% of all citizens facing government services would be offered online by 2020. (iii) Special funding arrangements will be developed and implemented within 2018 to support innovation and incubation of on-line businesses and start-ups. (iv) At least 75 percent of the population will have digital literacy skills by the end of 2020. (v) A universal broadband access to all people on an equitable basis will be in place. By 2020, 90 percent of the population will be able to access the broadband services.

(i) Write the vision and mission of IT policy of Nepal of 2072.

Vision : Transform Nepal into an information and Knowledge based society and economy. Mission : To create conditions for the intensified development and growth of ICT sector as a key driver for Nepal’s sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies.

(j) Wrte the objectives of electronic transaction act of 2063.

Objectives of the electronic transaction act 2063 (a) To make legal provision for authentication and regulation of electronic data. (b) To make a reliable data generation, communication, and transaction (c) To make a secured and authentic means of electronic communication (d) To regulate all the relating matters of electronic transactions

Model Question

1.What do you understand by digital citizen? What are the nine elements of digital citizenship?

Digital citizenship refers to the responsible and ethical use of technology, and the nine elements include digital access, digital commerce, digital communication, digital literacy, digital etiquette, digital law, digital rights and responsibilities, digital health, and digital security.

2 What is a digital footprint? What are the two ways to create a digital footprint?

A digital footprint is the trail of data created by one's online activities, and two ways to create it are through actively posting content online and through passive data collection by websites and platforms.

3. What is computer ethics? Write any two of them.

Computer ethics involves the moral principles that govern the use of computers, and two examples include respecting privacy and avoiding unauthorized access.

4 Why is ethics important in information technology?

Ethics is important in information technology to ensure responsible and fair use of technology, protect privacy, and prevent misuse of data.

5. Write any four commandments of computer ethics.

Four commandments of computer ethics include not harming others with computer actions, not interfering with others' computer work, not using computers to steal, and respecting others' privacy.

6. What is hacking?

Hacking is the act of gaining unauthorized access to computer systems or networks.

 7 What is the purpose of hacking?

The purpose of hacking can vary, but it often involves exploring weaknesses in security, gaining unauthorized access, or promoting a cause.

 8. Define digital citizenship?

Digital citizenship is the responsible use of technology to engage in society, participate in online communities, and contribute positively to the digital world.

 9. What is a digital footprint?

A digital footprint is the trace of one's online activities, including information shared, posts, and interactions.

 10. Write some of the examples of digital footprint.

Examples of digital footprint include social media posts, online comments, website visits, and online purchases.

 11. Define cyber bullying with any four examples

Cyberbullying is the use of technology to harass, intimidate, or harm others, and examples include spreading rumors, posting hurtful comments, sharing private information, and creating fake profiles.

12. What is a social media? What is purpose of social media?

Social media is online platforms that enable users to create and share content, and the purpose includes connecting with others, sharing information, and expressing oneself.

 13. List any three major social media security threats

Major social media security threats include identity theft, phishing attacks, and account hijacking.

 14. Briefly explain cyber law.

Cyber law encompasses legal principles governing the use of the internet and related technologies.

 15. What is cybercrime?

Cybercrime refers to criminal activities carried out using computers or the internet.

 16. Define IT Policy 2072 in short

IT Policy 2072 is not defined in the provided information.

 17. What is Electronic Transaction Act?

The Electronic Transaction Act is a legal framework that provides legal recognition to electronic transactions and digital signatures.

 18 Write any four opportunities and threats in social media.

Opportunities in social media include communication and networking, while threats include cyber bullying, privacy concerns, misinformation, and security risks.

 Notes

Cyber law and its importance

Cyber law: The law which governs all the legal issues of cyber space, controls cyber crime, provide legal status to online transaction and covers several activity related to internet is called cyber law.

Importance of cyber law:

• 1.       To control cyber crime.
• 2.       Mitigates misuse of technology.
• 3.       To flourish IT industry in the nation.
• 4.       To legalize online transaction.
• 5.       To adopt and use new and modern technology.

Cyber law in Nepal was introduced in 30th Bhadra 2061 BS (15th September 2004 AD). The name of the cyber law of Nepal is “Electronic Transaction and Digital Signature Act - Ordinance. 

Provisions of cyber law of Nepal.

• 1.       Identify and punish cyber criminals.
• 2.       Help to provide legal status to IT industry.
• 3.       Implementation of IT in governmental activities.
• 4.       Monitors data privacy and misuse of technology.
• 5.       Cyber ethics and crime

Computer ethics: The moral principles and values or the code of conduct that must be followed by every computer user is called computer ethics. Commandments of computer ethics.

• 1.       Do not use computer to commit crime.
• 2.       Always use computer in the welfare of human being.
• 3.       Don’t use computer to steal data and file.
• 4.       Don’t use computer to publish fake news and information.
• 5.       Don’t use computer to bear false witness.

Cybercrime: The criminal activity or a crime committed by using computer, internet or any electronic means and media is called cybercrime. Cybercriminal are also considered as a criminal hence, cyber law has appropriate provision of punishing the cyber criminals. For eg, piracy, hacking, cyber bullying, phishing, salami saving, pornography, data diddling, spreading computer virus etc

Terms to understand:

Intellectual property right: The law through which the creation(music, art, writings etc) made by creator gets actual reward and not being misused without proper compensation.

Patent right: The law through which inventor protect his/her invention(technological) from being used without proper compensation.

Digital signature: It is the technology used to ensure the correct delivery of message over a network. It use private and public key for encryption and decryption of data.

Encryption: The feature by which readable data and message are converted into unreadable code and its vice versa is called decryption.

Trade mark: The sign or symbol used to represent brand.

Trade secret: The main secret principle or philosophy of running unique business.

Hacker: The person who enter into other system without proper authorization.

 Short answer questions:

(a)  What do you mean by virtual identity?

In online virtual communities, such as online chat rooms or in online games, a virtual identity is one created by the human user that acts as an interface between the physical person and virtual person other users see on their computer screen.

 

(b)  What is Cyber bullying?

Cyber bullying is a kind of harassment using electronic devices such as mobile and computers

(c)  What is digital law?

        Digital law is the electronic responsibility for actions, deeds which is either                 ethical     or unethical.

 

    (d) Mention any one law includes in cyber law of Nepal.

    Electronic and Digital Signature Law

 

    (e)  What is digital citizenship?

        Digital citizenship can be defined as the norms or appropriate, responsible                 behavior with regard to technology use.

 

 Long answer questions:

(a)  List some benefits and challanges of ICT.

Benefits of ICT:

(1) Global village

(2) Cost Effective

(3) Bridging the cultural gap

(4) Creation of new jobs

(5) Educational Opportunities

Challenges of ICT:

(1) Virtual Identity

(2) Security

(3) Privacy Issues

(4) Copyright

(5) Cyber Bullying

(6) Social Behaviour

 (7) Digital Divide:

(b)  What do you mean by copyright?

Copyright is a legal right, existing in many countries, that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine whether, and under that                         conditions, this original work may be used by others.

(c)  What do you mean by digital divide?

        Gap between rich and poor in terms of information technology is called digital         divide.

(d)  What do you mean by compute ethics?

        Computer ethic is defined as " to follow the rules and regulation of computer             technology and not to harm other computer users knowingly or unknowingly."

(e)  Write any five provisions of computer ethics.

Five provisions in computer ethics are:

(i)           You should not use a computer to harm other people.

(ii)                You should not search the file or record of other people.

(iii)        You should not destroy, steal and use the computer password of other people.

(iv)             You should not steal, destroy and use digital signatures.

(v)               You should not destroy, erase or edit personal or group records

(f)   What do you mean by cyber law?

Cyber law refers to the laws regarding the Internet and cyberspace. Cyber law includes a wide variety of legal issues related to the use of communications technology. It includes the use of Internet as well as any other form of computer or Digital Processing Devices.

 

(g)  What are the major components of cyber law?

The major components included in the cyber law are:

(i) Electronic and Digital Signature Law

(ii) Computer Crime/Cyber Crime Law

(iii)Intellectual Property laws

(iv) Data Protection and Privacy Laws

(v) Telecommunication Laws

(h)  Write the major five goals of IT policy 2072 of Nepal.

Five goals of IT policy 2072 of Nepal are:

(i) By 2020, entire population of Nepal would have access to the Internet.

(ii) 80% of all citizens facing government services would be offered online by 2020.

(iii) Special funding arrangements will be developed and implemented within 2018 to support innovation and incubation of on-line businesses and start-ups.

(iv) At least 75 percent of the population will have digital literacy skills by the end of 2020.

 (v) A universal broadband access to all people on an equitable basis will be in place. By 2020, 90 percent of the population will be able to access the broadband services.

(i) Write the vision and mission of IT policy of Nepal of 2072. Vision : Transform Nepal into an information and Knowledge based society and economy. Mission : To create conditions for the intensified development and growth of ICT sector as a key driver for Nepal’s sustainable development and poverty reduction strategies.

(j) Write the objectives of electronic transaction act of 2063. Objectives of the electronic transaction act 2063

(a) To make legal provision for authentication and regulation of electronic data.

(b) To make a reliable data generation, communication, and transaction

           (c) To make a secured and authentic means of electronic communication

(d) To regulate all the relating matters of electronic transactions